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Ruby Hurley
Ruby Hurley (November 7, 1909 – August 9, 1980) was a leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement and administrator for the NAACP. She was known as the "queen of civil rights".〔 ==Early life and education== Ruby Ruffin was born on November 7, 1909, in Washington, D.C., to Alice and Edward R. Ruffin. After she graduated from Dunbar High School in 1926, she attended Miner Teachers College and Robert H. Terrell Law School. She worked briefly for the federal government and at the Industrial Bank of Washington.〔 She married William L. Hurley, a lieutenant in the US Army Corps of Engineers.〔 In 1939, Hurley was on a committee that was tasked with arranging for a performance from Marian Anderson, an African-American opera singer who had been barred from singing at Constitution Hall by the Daughters of the American Revolution. The committee was able to secure a venue change and Anderson performed at an open-air concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial before a crowd of 75,000.
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